Essay on Anne Moodys Involvement in the Civil Rights...

Coming of Age in Mississippi Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi, talked extensively about the civil rights movement that she had participated in. The civil rights movement dealt with numerous issues that many people had not agreed with. Coming of Age in Mississippi gave the reader a first hand look at the efforts many people had done to gain equal rights. Anne Moody, like many other young people, joined the civil rights movement because they wanted to make a difference in their state. They wanted their freedom and the same rights as the white people had. Many other young people joined the civil rights movement because they felt that a change was needed in the way black people were treated. They felt that this change†¦show more content†¦Through these organizations, Anne had become actively involved in the civil rights movement. She soon realized, though, that there were a lot of preconditions that were needed to achieve significant social change in the black co mmunity. Many of the projects Anne worked on, lacked support from the black community. She did not realize how much she would be harassed by the white people because she was fighting the rights of black people. The main preconditions for social change in the 1950s and 1960s, was getting the black community to support the various projects SNCC and the NAACP were working on. The black people they were fighting for did not always like the projects that Anne, and the other young people in SNCC, had been doing. Many black people tended to ignore the efforts of the SNCC because they were afraid of change. It took a lot of work to convince the black community to support the various projects the young people of SNCC were doing. An example of a project that the black community supported extensively, was Freedom Summer. This project would not have been successful if the black community did not support this. The Freedom Summer project proved to be a success because the black community went out and voted. This proved to the federal government, that black people were interested in gaining voting rights. Anne Moody had thought about joining the National Association for theShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody, a black activist in the twentieth century, wrote an autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, which illustrated how life was like growing up poor and black in the rural south. She wrote in details of her life living in the racist society and what it meant to be black in the South twentieth century. Readers were able to understand her personal thoughts as well as her memories of the fight growing up in the south and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Moody grew up with aRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi, By Anne Moody1554 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the Civil War, does not mean that you are born with the knowledge of racism. Racism is something that we are not born with and that we are raised to experience, follow, or fix. During the 19th century and all the way up till mid 20th century, racism was one of the biggest issues in America. Former slaves and anyone who had lived in America for some time, was aware of the racial tension that traveled through the heart of the nation and only got worse the more south you go. In Anne Moody’s autobiographyRead MoreAfrican Americans Freedom1653 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognized and remembered by every American black or white. Many of those people led the way and instituted themselves leaders in the movement which directed everything that is connected to the life of African Americans. The biography of Anne Moody Coming of Age in Mississippi chronicles the many events she lives while enduring the harshness of discrimination. Moody’s traces her life from the age of four to twenty three divided into four different parts which reflect her inner growth and maturityRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody10 57 Words   |  5 PagesNicholas Allen History 109-003 21 April, 2016 Paper 3 In the book Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody, it shows about a Moody growing up in Mississippi poor and in the during Civil Rights era. Throughout the book it shows the experiences that Moody went through growing up and how they affected her views on the Civil Rights movements. First, during her childhood the experiences of growing up as an African-Americans in the southern limited Moody to what she can achieve in life. Then inRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi is a narrated autobiography depicting what it was like to grow up in the South as a poor African American female. Her autobiography takes us through her life journey beginning with her at the age of four all the way through to her adult years and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. The book is divided into four periods: Childhood, High School, College and The Movement. Each of these periods represents the process b y which she came of age withRead MoreWhat are the most Difficult Obstacles to Black Progress in the Jim Crow South?1263 Words   |  6 PagesFor Anne Moody, what were some of the most difficult obstacles to black progress—both within and outside of the African-American community—in the Jim Crow South? What degree of success did she and others achieve in addressing those obstacles? What was her perspective on her own past and future, and on the past and future of her country, by the book’s end? The dictionary defines racism as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produceRead MoreAnne Moody Coming Of Age In Mississippi1626 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Moody’s autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, depicts the various stages of her life from childhood, to high school, then to college, and ends with her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. In the novel, Anne tells the reader her story through events, conversations, and emotional struggles. The reader can interpret various elements of cultural knowledge that Anne Moody learned from her family and community as a child. Her understanding of the culture and race relations of the timeRead MoreBook Review of Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay514 Words   |  3 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi is an autobiography by Anne Moody. It is the story of a black girl growing up in Mississippi at a time when racial discrimination was taken for granted and the NAACP movement had no formal name. In her autobiography, Anne Moody displays the hardships of living in the rural south while the Negroes were just starting their fight for equality. Her story is amazing. Life was difficult for all poor Southerners. But for a poor black family with little hope and livingRead MoreLife of Anne Moody Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pages Anne Moody has gone through such an exceptionally eventful life that she was able to transform it into a powerful book, A Coming of Age in Mississippi. All of Annes childhood not only prepared her for her involvement in the movement during the 1960s, but also kept her inspired and motivated. Anne Moody sees a lot of ups and downs, which causes her to have depressing set backs from time to time. As told through out the book, descri bing her first twenty-four-years, her uncertainty is justifiedRead MoreSinging The Praises Of The Unsung Hero1309 Words   |  6 PagesCoverage of the civil rights movement follows this same pattern, emphasizing the most commonly known protagonists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and too often fails to highlight the ordinary people who also participated in the movement on local scales. These people regularly do not receive credit for their daily efforts because individually their actions did not ensue large-scale results but as a collective population they served a major role in the civil rights movement. Anne Moody’s narrative, Coming

According to Arlov Grammatically Free Essays

Many instructors urge their students not to start their sentences with the word â€Å"but†, or any other coordination conjunction for that matter. This can be disheartening for students because we commonly speak with our sentences beginning with a conjunction. However, writing is not like speaking. We will write a custom essay sample on According to Arlov Grammatically or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two schools of thought on beginning a sentence with the word, â€Å"but†. According to Arlov, â€Å"Grammatically, it is correct to start a sentence with but or any other FANBOYS conjunction. However, your instructors may discourage the practice for two good reasons† (343). She goes on to list the reasons. One good reason not to begin a sentence with the word but is because it is informal and casual. Academic writing is not usually casual or informal, and using â€Å"but† at the beginning of a sentence may make a more formal paper appear less than well thought out. While it is OK for some sorts of writing such as narrative or dialog, a professional paper is seldom written with coordination conjunctions at the beginning of sentences. Also, using words like â€Å"but† is addictive! It is easy to use and overuse. Arlov advises using conjunctions to begin sentences sparingly so as not to make it a hard habit to break. The other side of the issue says using but is just like using any other word to begin a sentence, and therefore, there is nothing wrong with it. How to cite According to Arlov Grammatically, Papers

Machiavelli and International Relations System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Machiavelli and International Relations System. Answer: Introduction The study of international political science is approached by using three major theories, Marxist, Gramscism and liberal IR theories. The theoretical constructs have different perceptions and the ends differ starkly. The theories provide valid arguments about the cause and effects explained by these theories. In any type of analysis it would be nave to consider that an approach adopted by leader states or institutions is pure, and hence, it is important for the leaders to study and understand the impacts of the theories when constructing important administration policies. The paper provides an overview of the IR theories and explains the importance of the difference between these IR theories. Marxism is described as the social and political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel in the 19th century. Marx attached great importance to the concepts of class, and as per his views, the class system was a dominant actor in the traditional international system (Buecker, 2003). According to Marx, the clashes in the international system were majorly due to the class conflicts. Marxism talked about the transformation of the society into a workforce largely due to the economic conditions (Buecker, 2003). Marx argued that this workforce is classified as a class in relation to the capital, however, it has not yet transformed into a class for itself. Marxism states that eventually this call would struggle, unite and become a class for itself(Buecker, 2003). Marx identified two main classes in the society, the bourgeoisie or the oppressor class and the proletariat or the working class as the oppressive class, and according to Marx eventually, the proletariat will unite strugg le and throw the oppressor and establish a new classless communist society (Burchill et al., 2013). Similarly, the international society is also divided between the capitalists (Bourgeoisie class) states which are the rich and the powerful states who have established political power over their colonies due to economic power of these powerful states. However, Marx did not consider nationalism and its immense consequences. Marx postulated that nationalism had no place in the proletariat organizations, however, his assumptions that the society infrastructure and division of labour are the factors which will influence the behaviour of communist society classes and states was largely disregarded by working class and bourgeois nationalism (Buecker, 2003)(Burchill et al., 2013). Scope of Marxism later expanded to explain the international relations (walt, 1998). Marxism and its conception to international relations, advocates communist society, and explained that the societies must witness not only economic, and political but a social change, and in the communist society, the means of production will be owned by the people equally and will not be concentrated in the hands of few. Marxist theory of international relations argues that the communist societies should witness social and economic equality. Marxist theory gives more importance to economic situation in the formation of international relations, and argues that the people who hold the economic control exploit the workers which relates to the modern day private sector (Schram, 1988). Marx talks about disproportionality and states that capitalist states would overproduce goods for capital gains. Marx suggests that disproportionality largely based on the anarchy of the industry and market would cause eco nomic depressions. In the international relations theory Marx also posited that capital will be accumulated among the wealthy will lead to improverishment of man(Baylis et al., 2017)y. Thus, the recent 2008 crisis, where the organizations accumulated wealth and became efficient in the operations, and later to accumulate profits, the companies laid off millions of employees. Hence, Marxist IR theory can be largely related to the contemporary international politics and relations. Although no single thought can explain the complexities of global international relations, Marxist concept of International relations has significantly contributed in elaborating the insights of international relations. Marxism and the underlying concepts and thoughts have influenced many other modern sociologists (Kegley, 1995). The ideologies of Marxism have explained the present disparities and societal occurrences and economic divisions. Moreover, the Marxist philosophy has been considered as the base for the formation of Soviet Union with a view to achieve economic and social equality and justice. Gramscian IR theory Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci has made significant contributions in the field of International Relations. Gramscis conceptual framework provided the theorists different innovative concepts which illuminated the hegemony mechanisms in international relations. Gramscian ideologies and thoughts have inspired many theorists are hence, are referred as Gramscian school of thought in IR (Germain Kenny, 1998). Gramscian described state as a major actor of the then international system is considered as ruling class of the defined civil society. The state is also described as the system which involves the entire society and unifies all the classes and also the contradictions between the social classes. Gramsci describes Hegemony as the dominance of the social class in rule (Cox, 1981). The dominance is described with respect to the control exercised by the ruling class over the interests, and the ways in which other groups conduct their tasks. Gramscian IR theory suggests that the state wil l gain dominance through consent from the other groups, and the state will get into crisis, if the ruling class will lose its consensus. In realist theories, Hegemony is described as the dominance of a single actor through coercive power, however, in Gramscism hegemony is described as the combination of both coercion and also consent by the specific ruling class (Bieler Morton, 2004). Inspired by the thoughts of Gramscism, Robert Cox developed neo-Gramscism school of thought, and applied the thoughts and ideologies of Gramscism in the global world. Coxs work largely focuses on the effects of global capitalism on global inequalities and explains that hegemony at global level first starts on the national scale and is established nationally by the social class, and later expands to the global scale. Neo-Gramscism then illustrates US supremacy as an example of outward expansion of American social class (Femia, 2005). Hence, from Gramscism it is evident that for an actor to exert force efficiently and effectively, there must be consent and persuasion, and the persuasion will occur only if the actor has sufficient power. Also, persuasion can help the actor to achieve consent, and the actor can therefore use the power of persuasion to gain consent from the other parts of the society who do not give consent. Gramsci gives the example of Russia in explaining the balance be tween force (power) and consent. He explains that in Russia there was presence of government power but they did not have the consent from the civil society, and hence, Bolshevik revolutionaries could succeed and establish a new civil society (Burchill et al., 2013). Similarly, other than power and coercion and consent, Gramscian IR theory also describes the importance of material conditions as an important condition for achieving hegemony. When all the conditions for achieving hegemony like, power, coercion, consensus, and material wealth are achieved, the state would act as the educator, and it would thereby present itself as cultural, moral and intellectual hegemonic (Germain Kenny, 1998). Thus, Neo-Gramscism extends the theory to include that a country that has powerful culture, consensus, and ideology would be capable of becoming a hegemonic power that will enjoy power for a longer time. Hence, Gramscism explains the American supremacy, by stating that universality of a specific nations powerful culture, and ability in establishing set of rules and specific institutions for governing international activity are referred to as important sources of power (Dirzauskaite Ilinca, 2017). Thus, Gramcism explains the American Supremacy established b y the international institutions like UN and WTO. Thus, it can be said that the nations or state experiencing hegemony would therefore create institutions to legitimize their power on the other groups. Gramscian IR theory, therefore explains the functioning of the international institutions like International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations (UN), which establish specific international rules that are largely consistent with the democratic principles and structures of powerful American Capitalist Hegemony. Similarly, these international institutions also establish hegemony over the member states by giving loans to the developing companies who give consent to their policies and accept their set rules (Booth Erskine, 2016). Thus, the Gramscian IR theory largely explains international relations based on the principles of hegemony. Gramscis, Marxism and Global Capitalism Gramscis work relates to the concepts of Marxism, which forms the basis for developing and analyzing the concept of hegemony. Marxism conception on IR had predicted about communist and socialist revolution that would first occur in the advanced capitalist societies. Marx already focused on the concepts of power which lies within the proletariat class and its connection with the civil societies. Based on Marxism, Gramsci analyzed that the Russian revolution would survive because the then Russian government had no connection with the civil societies, and the revolutions in western societies failed because the powerful state or class in the western societies were well connected with the civil society (Budd, 2007). Thus, Gramsciam expanded Marxism to include the importance of power, coercion and consent, in explaining hegemony. Gramcism ideologies which explain hegemony of nations based on power, coercion, cultural leadership, consent, material capabilities and also by legitimizing their power by establishing international institutions (Cox, 1194). Hence, cooperation among the elites and the international economic and political institutions helps in maintaining hegemony. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider that global governance achieved through political conditionality and pressures from international institutions and international powers explain global capitalism. Liberal IR Theory Liberal International Relations theory is based on certain liberal principals and assumptions. The roots of the liberal IR can be found in the Immanuel Kants ideologies on Perpetual Peace, where Kant describes three important conditions for perpetual peace, and these three conditions have become the basis of liberal IR theory (Doyle Recchia, 2011). The three main conditions explain neoliberal institutionalism expresses the significance of the international institutions in maintaining peace (Cristol, 2017). Commercial liberalism, explains the significance of international trade in maintaining peace, the democratic side of the liberal IR theory that for maintaining peace, all states should fulfill a major condition of being democracies and that democracies would get into war only rarely (Moravcsik, n.d.). Hence, Liberal IR theory, unlike the Marxist IR theory and Gramscism IR theory does not give importance solely to states but to individuals and institutions. Liberals anticipated that the then formed international institutions would play a major role in reducing uncertainty and thereby improve relationship among states by increasing mutual trust. Thus, a security dilemma would be attenuated which would promote international cooperation among states and further strengthen possibilities of world peace (Buchan, 2002). Thus, Liberal IR theory focuses on International regimes, which include mutually agreed rules, and procedures which will help the states to coordinate their policies and together collaborate in the free trade, control of arms and also environmental protection (Moravcsik, 2001). Thus, the international institutes would encourage collaboration and information sharing and reduce competition among states over gains and thereby increase international cooperation. Liberal IR theory places great importance on sovereignty and institutions duty to maintain nonintervention, and thereby supports stable international relations to ensure th at every political state is free to determine its way of life. Hence, it can be said that liberals agree that states becoming democracies is not the final cure, but there must be consolidation of the liberal democracy among states so as to reduce the chances of civil and world war. However, liberal IR theory also suggest that the grounds that establish peace may also establish grounds for conflict, and that the democracies might enter into conflicts, and thereby explains the relationship between America on one side, and resurgent Russia, China and Iran on the other (Moravcsik, 2003). Thus, although Liberal IR theory supports peace, it is just a recipe which provides guidelines for promoting peace and requires constant vigilance to avoid any crusades. Marxist, Gramscism, Liberal IR Theories: Importance of Differences The differences in the Marxist, Gramcism and Liberal IR Theories are important as they enable the readers to understand the modern day International Relations in the light of the traditional theories. The differences have formed the basis for the evolution of new theories that have largely contributed in the field of International Relations (Baylis et al., 2017). The Gramscism IR theory takes ides from the Marxist IR theory and also the differences among the ideologies and the actual situations in the international relations have led the modern thinkers to critique the traditional and real IR theories and postulate new theoretical concepts. Marxist theory talks about the dismissal of the powerful state and formation of communist societies based on the revolution by the oppressed class (Burchill et al., 2013). However, Marx did not emphasize the role of nationalism and civil societies in transformation which was captured by Gramscism theory that explains the importance of power and co nsent in the formation of a powerful state, which will exercise power and control over other groups via formation of institutes. The Liberal IR theory critiques the Gramcism IR theory and claims that Modern international institutions should not exercise power of a single state but should work towards promoting peace and institutionalize liberal policies. Hence, it can be said that the differences in the IR theories are important in evolution of new theories and explaining the present day international Relations. Conclusion The roots of the present day international relations can be traced back to the 19th century and where the postulation of the modern day IR was started. The Marxist, Gramscism and Liberal IR theories have played a major role in establishing the IR school of thoughts and have formed the basis for the evolution of new thoughts, ideologies and theories. The Marxist and Gramscim thoughts have explained that global governance achieved through political conditionality and pressures from international institutions and international powers explain global capitalism. The differences between the theories have led to the evolution of new theories which better explain the modern day international Relations. Bibliography Baylis, J., Smith, S. Owens, P., 2017. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. 7th ed. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University Press. Bieler, A. Morton, A., 2004. A critical theory route to hegemony, world order and historical change: neo-Gramscian perspectives in International Relations. Capital Class, 28(1), pp.85-113. Booth, K. Erskine, T., 2016. International Relations Theory Today. Second Edition ed. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Buchan, B., 2002. Explaining War and Peace: Kant and Liberal IR Theory. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 27(4), pp.407-28. Budd, A., 2007. Gramscis Marxism and international relations. International Socialism, 10 April. Buecker, R., 2003. Karl Marx's Conception of International Relations. Glendon Journal of Intrenational Studies, 3, pp.49-59. Burchill, S. et al., 2013. Theories of International Relations. Fifth Edition ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Cox, R., 1194. Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cox, R., 1981. Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 10(2), pp.126-55. Cristol, J., 2017. Liberalism. Oxford Bibliographies. Dirzauskaite, G. Ilinca, N., 2017. Understanding "Hegemony" in International Relation Theories. Aalborg University. Doyle, M. Recchia, S., 2011. Liberalism in International Relations. International Encyclopedia of Political Science, pp.1434-39. Femia, J., 2005. Gramsci, Machiavelli and International Relations. The Political Quaterly, 76(3), pp.341-49. Germain, R. Kenny, M., 1998. Engaging Gramsci: international relations theory and the new Gramscians. Review of International Studies, 24(1), pp.3-21. Kegley, C., 1995. Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and Neoliberal Challenge. New York: St. Martin's Press. Moravcsik, A., 2001. Liberal International Relations Theory: A Social Scientific Assessment. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. , pp.1-53. Moravcsik, A., 2003. Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization, 51(4), pp.513-53. Moravcsik, A., n.d. Liberalism and International Relations Theory. Harvard University, pp.92-96. Schram, S., 1988. Power and Marxist Theory: A Realist View. American Political Science Review, 82(3), pp.975-76. walt, S., 1998. International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, 110, pp.29-32.

The Inuit People Essay Example For Students

The Inuit People Essay Inuit: A People Preserved By IceThousands of years ago, during the last ice age, mile-thick glaciers covered a vast portion of North America, and the Asian continent was joined to North America by a land bridge. The Arctic areas of Alaska, Beringia, and Siberia were free of ice. Vast herds of caribou, muskoxen, and bison migrated to these plains. Following them were the nomadic Asian ancestors of todays Inuit and Indians. The doorway to Asia closed about three or four thousand years later as the glaciers receded and melted. These people: the Inuit (meaning the people), adapted to their harsh tundra environment and developed a culture that remained untainted for a long time. The Inuit people relied solely on hunting for their existence. With summers barely lasting two months, agriculture was non-existent. Animals such as caribou and seal were vital. Groups of hunters would stalk and kill many caribou with fragile bows made of driftwood, and their bounty was split evenly amongst the tr ibe. Bone spears were fashioned to hunt seals which provided food, oil, clothes, and tents. The seal skins were also used to construct kayaks and other boats that the Inuit would use to travel and to hunt whales. One advantage of the sterile cold of the arctic was that it kept these people free of disease (until they met the white man.) Inuit tribes consisted of two to ten loosely joined families. There was no one central leader in the group: all decisions were made by the community as a whole. Nor was there any definite set of laws; the Inuit, though usually cheery and optimistic, were prone to uncontrolled bursts of rage. Murder was common amongst them and it went unpunished unless an individuals murders occured too often. At that point, that person was deemed unstable, and the community appointed a man to terminate him/her. We will write a custom essay on The Inuit People specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In their society, the duties of men and women were strictly separated. The males would hunt, fish and construct the tools used by the family. Women, however, were responsible for cleaning the animal skins, cooking, sewing the clothes ( a womans sewing ability was equally as attractive to a man as her beauty was), and raising the children. Male children were preferred because they could care for their parents in their old age; female children when often strangled soon after birth. Although today Christianity has breached some of the southernmost tribes, the vast majority practice a form of animism. Their rituals are based mainly on the hunt and the handling of slain animals. Magic talismans and charms are believed to control spirits, and shamans are consulted in the case of injury or illness. There are traces of beliefs in an afterlife or reincarnation, but they are very minor. The Inuit people, like many other tribal minorities, are greatly stereotyped and misunderstood by the common man. For example: the Inuit word igloo means house and can refer to the cabins made of sod that most Inuit occupy. Also, the word Eskimo is a misnomer meaning eaters of raw flesh given to the Inuit by the Algonquin Indians. This is a simple culture that remained undisturbed until whales became a precious commodity. Their isolation is slowly coming to an end as western civilization puts them into government housing and snowmobiles are increasing as a means of transportation. They are beautifully eccentric, and we must work to preserve their culture. References:

Overview of the Animals Called Monotremes

Overview of the Animals Called Monotremes Monotremes (monotremata)  are a unique group of mammals that lay eggs, unlike placental mammals and marsupials, who give birth to live young. Monotremes include several species of echidnas and the platypus. Monotremes Most Obvious Differences From Other Mammals The most striking difference from other mammals is that monotremes lay eggs. Similar to other mammals, they do lactate (produce milk). But instead of having nipples like other mammals, monotremes secrete milk through mammary gland openings in the skin. Monotremes are long-lived mammals. They exhibit a low rate of reproduction. Parents take close care  of their young and tend to them for long periods of time before they become independent. Monotremes also differ from other mammals in that they have a single opening for their urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts. This single opening is known as a cloaca and is similar to the anatomy of reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians. Differences in Bones and Teeth There are a number of other less salient characteristics that distinguish monotremes from other mammal groups. Monotremes have unique teeth that are thought to have evolved independently of the teeth that placental mammals and marsupials have. Some monotremes have no teeth. Monotreme teeth may be an example of convergent evolutionary adaptation, however, because of similarities to other mammals teeth. Monotremes also have an extra set of bones in their shoulder (the interclavicle and coracoid) which are missing from other mammals. Brain and Sensory Differences Monotremes differ from other mammals in that they lack a structure in their brain called the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum forms a connection between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Monotremes are the only mammals known to possess electroreception, a sense that enables them to locate prey by the electric fields generated by its muscle contraction. Of all monotremes, the platypus has the most sensitive level of electroreception. Sensitive electroreceptors are located in the skin of the platypuss bill. Using these electroreceptors, the platypus can detect the direction of the source and the strength of the signal. Platypuses swing their head from side to side when hunting in water as a way of scanning for prey. Thus, when feeding, platypuses do not use their sense of sight, smell, or hearing: They rely only on their electroreception. Evolution The fossil record for monotremes is rather sparse. It is thought that monotremes diverged from other mammals early on, before marsupials and placental mammals evolved. A few monotreme fossils from the Miocene epoch are known. Fossil monotremes from the Mesozoic epoch include Teinolophos, Kollikodon, and Steropodon. Classification The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is an odd-looking mammal with a broad bill (that resembles the bill of a duck), a tail (that resembles the tail of a beaver), and webbed feet. Another oddity of the platypus is that male platypuses are venomous. A spur on their hind limb delivers a mixture of venoms that are unique to the platypus.  The platypus is the only member of its family.   There are four living species of echidnas, named after a monster of the same name, from Greek mythology. They are the short-beaked echidna, the Sir Davids long-beaked echidna, the eastern long-beaked echidna, and the western long-beaked echidna. Covered with spines and coarse hair, they feed on ants and termites and are solitary animals. Although echidnas resemble hedgehogs, porcupines, and anteaters, they are not closely related to any of these other mammal groups. Echidnas have short limbs that are strong and well-clawed, making them good diggers. They have a small mouth and do not have any teeth. They feed by ripping apart rotten logs and ant nests and mounds, then licking up ants and insects with their sticky tongue.

Body Image And Its Effects On Society

Media affects body image Body image is an idiosyncratic picture of one 's own physical appearance established both by self-observation and by observing the reactions of others. Whether it may be a magazine cover, commercial or the internet, the media 's false portrayal of perfection greatly impacts children and young adults. The media glorifies models and celebrities as figures of a higher standard, as icons of beauty and youth. Media features female models with tall, slender body types and male†¦ Body image has a large impact in society, and not only affects women but affects men as well. The ideal body image is often enforced by media and it affects how we view ourselves. Many individuals are unhappy with their own body and feel uncomfortable in their own skin due to misrepresentations of beautiy in the media. In the bodybuilding community, males are constantly dissatisfied with how they view themselves. They do not feel like they are strong, big, or manly enough and therefore try to change†¦ is media use and body image. Individuals spend hours using or watching media. I personally spend almost 3-4 hours on social media or watching media. With its growing influence media has the opportunity to influence individuals of all age groups. Whether it be with their political choices, or their aspirations in life. With its growing impact it is necessary to examine, does media affect body image? After reviewing articles, I can come to the conclusion that media affects body image more negatively†¦ The â€Å"Ideal† Body Type for Men and Women. Society has created expectations that seem unobtainable to people. For example, women are supposed to be curvy, but not too curvy, have a thigh gap, and a chest, but not too big of a chest. Men are supposed to have cut abs, bulging biceps, and chiseled features. As a result, culture’s body image expectations have had several effects on the modern men and women including but not limited to: body comparison, body shamming, eating disorders, depression†¦ this research, the researchers wanted to find out if body image self-discrepancy is really a mediator in the process of social comparison from the exposure to the thin-ideal body by the media, together with the bad effects of such comparison. The participants were exposed with advertisements that consist either with thin-ideal women or without thin women. The researchers found out that the exposure to thin-ideal advertisement induced women’s body dissatisfaction, dropped their self-esteem, produced†¦ eaten. Society needs to regulate advertising, images and videos that feature people with unique physiques edited to perfection in order to decrease the amount of eating disorders. The impact the media has on body image is huge. The media bombards society with images of men and women with perfect bodies, which affect people both mentally and physically. These photos of supermodels and actors are now accessible more than ever due to technology becoming a huge part of people’s everyday life. Society spends†¦ Introduction There has been a dramatic shift, within the last couple of decades, on how women perceive their body. Unfortunately this shift has been significantly negative in nature. Women in today’s society are more dissatisfied with their bodies than ever before. The main culprit, which has driven this downward trend, is mass media. Mass media is very much a double-edged sword. On one hand, it has increased global connectivity and has allowed for the perpetuation of information in a very fast†¦ hand is how does social media influence our behavior and is this positive or negative. One area of controversy is social media’s effect on body image. Our culture has set unrealistic standards of how people should look. This has left a precedent specifically for women and has adhered to the development of confidence. Body dysphoria arises from these standards set by society. Such influences have caused eating disorders because of the competition to be the skinniest. Models are sizes double zero and†¦ Media’s effect on Body Image Doesn’t everyone want to have a body like Jennifer Lopez, Mila Kunis or Emma Watson? These are attractions in today’s media, which have an impact on how we look at our body and view ourself. The topic I have chosen is about the effect of media on our body image. I have chosen this topic because it is very important to analyze the impact of media in our daily lives and whether that impact is positive or negative. With respect to research, media negatively impacts the way†¦ â€Å"The human body is the best work of art† –Jess C. Scott Nearly every person in America has something about themselves that they don’t like. Whether it’s their smile, their legs, or the way they look in a swimsuit. A person has no trouble overlooking what’s beautiful about them and solely focusing on their flaws. Body image issues have been around for centuries. Women have tried altering their bodies in order to become ‘beautiful’, and most of the time those procedures are in no way healthy. Many†¦

Public speaking class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public speaking class - Essay Example The event was organized by a group of young people who had invited a group of professional speakers to come and talk to the young people on various career options. Martin is a senior manager at a law firm and was quite proud of informing us about his position at the start of his speech. He started his speech by joking that the secret to speaking to a multitude of eager minds like his employees is, not letting them know that he is afraid of them. From his introduction, you could tell that this was going to be an interesting speech as most people decided to pocket their phones and pay attention to this new and vibrant speaker. His introduction entailed him giving a brief overview of his success in his career. From his introduction, it was important to note that a key tactic in successful public speaking is to begin on a light note and capture the audience’s attention. He then sank into the content of his speech. He carefully outlined to us how he and decided to pursue his career in n law despite opposition from his parents. Martin informed us that they key to a successful career is having passion from an early stage of development. IT was quite interesting the way he spoke with confidence and expertise in about his career. He was quite eloquent and comprehensible so the audience did not have to struggle to hear him well. This I noted is another tip to quality public speaking, being eloquent and comprehensible. Martin had structured his speech and ordered its delivery using a specific sequence. He started off by introducing us to his career, giving some background information and showing us his progress over the years to his current position in his firm. The speech was ordered in a way that it was easy to follow through in case someone lost attention for a while. This he said was another skill in public speaking. Ensuring that the content you are delivering is well

Buisness law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buisness law - Essay Example The government economy is also socialism. It endeavors to promote equality among the public by providing them with standardized social benefits like education and health care. In both systems, the public does not have equal access to wealth and resources. It is easy to call a policy capitalist or socialist but harder to justify why because capitalism is the opposite of socialism. A policy like wealth cannot be multiplied by dividing it since it is hard to justify it as capitalist or socialist. Mandatory health care coverage is capitalism. Capitalisms’ core reason is more money and high profits. It pays its workers according to productivity and requires undisrupted operations, thus health assurance will be necessary. The video is emphasizing on the importance of having personal values as a leader. The values govern how people act and are foundations of how they should behave. They give people guidelines and direct behaviors. Action does not represent what is termed as values. Values in general are fences that should surround the judgment that we

Alice walker in search of the garden Essay Example for Free

Alice walker in search of the garden Essay lice Walker’s essay, In Search of Our Mother’s Garden, talks about her search of the African American women’s suppressed talent, of the artistic skills and talents that they lost because of slavery and a forced way of life. Walker builds up her arguments from historical events as well as the collective experiences of African Americans, including her own. She uses these experiences to back up her arguments formed from recollections of various African American characters and events. Walker points out that a great part of her mother’s and grandmothers’ lives have been suppressed because of their sad, dark pasts. But all of these are not lost because somehow, these are manifested in even the smallest things that they do, and that they were also able to pass it down to the very people that they loved. Our search of our mother’s garden may end back to ourselves. Walker builds up her argument by mentioning the experiences of other people in the essay. One of them is Jean Toomer, a poet in the early 1920s. He is a man who observed that Black women are unique because they possessed intense spirituality in them, even though their bodies endure every aspect of punishment in every single day of their lives. They were in the strictest sense Saints – crazy, pitiful saints. Walker points out that without a doubt, our mothers and grandmothers belong to this type of people. By building up on the observations of Toomer, she was somehow able to show how hard it was to be a mother or a grandmother or even just a woman at that time, one reason perhaps is that they are black. The mothers and grandmothers at that time endured all of this without any hope that tomorrow will be different, be better. Because of this, they were not able to fully express themselves. They were held back by their society. Another black character that she used to build her argument is Phillis Wheatley, a Black slave girl with a precarious health. Phillis is a poet and a writer at her own right, but unfortunately, she wasn’t able to do much with it because she was a slave. She didn’t have anything for herself, worse, she didn’t even own herself. Her futile attempts for self expression would be washed up by forced labor and pregnancies. She lost her health, and eventually her life without fully expressing herself through her gift for poetry. Alice Walker used the story of Phillis to establish the understanding that indeed, African American women at that time were not allowed or didn’t have the luxury of time to exercise their gifts, to hone their talents and abilities, and use them to fully express themselves. By doing so, Walker proves that our mothers and grandmothers lived a boxed life back then, with no way to channel to them emotions and thoughts other than hard labor and forced servitude. She pointed out that we wouldn’t know if anyone of them would’ve bloomed to be poets, singers, actresses, because they never really had the chance to know what they can do. By building up her argument using these two accounts, she is also presenting very strong evidence to her claim. These accounts were personal experiences of real African American people, and these are not just isolated cases. These are shared experiences not just by these two but by all of their people. Walker can confidently say that there is a lot of Phillis Wheatley in those times, perhaps including her mother and grandmothers. This is concrete evidence because it is not fictional, it is not imaginary, or something conceived out of Walker’s creativity. Slavery, forced pregnancies, poverty, and artistic suppression were the realities during the time of our grandmothers. No one can deny this, and no one can deny the existence of Phillis or the accounts of Jean Toomer. Considering Alice Walker’s authority in her arguments, she could be considered as an expert, a reliable source of information on the topic. First off, she is an African American woman, who had her fair share of poverty in her childhood. She was born and raised by hardworking parents, who really had to work day and night to provide for their family. Also, she witnesses first hand that even though her mother may not be a poet or a novelist; she was an artist in the truest sense. Her artistic side is manifested in her gardens and the beautiful flowers that she grows. Alice Walker witnessed all of this, experienced first hand what it was like to be poor and seemingly talentless. The accounts that Alice Walker used to prove her points and back up her arguments were African American history that she was all too familiar with. It may have been shared to her by her families, or simply a collective knowledge passed down from one generation to another. She is also well-educated, a wide reader, and an artist. She often cites Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own, relating a white woman’s plight to a black woman’s hardships. She emphasizes that even though she recognizes Woolf’s point about society’s unfair treatment to women of her time, Walker still believes that black women suffered the most (Walker). There is simply nothing that could compare to the artistic suppression that her mother and grandmothers experienced. In this essay, she is appealing to a general audience, with no specific race or ethnicity. I think this essay was written to highlight the African American women of her mother and grandmother’s time, who were unable to express their talents and hone it to its full potential. This essay is written to inform anyone and everyone reading it about their stories, and of her discovery of her mother’s garden. She was glad to know that it is possible for African American women to express themselves even unknowingly, that it is up to us to discover these â€Å"gardens.† She is appealing to the readers in general that even though some people like our mothers and grandmothers seem talentless or artistically inferior, it doesn’t mean that they really lack the talent. It just means that were not looking hard enough to find it. Alice Walker’s method of using personal experience and historical accounts allow her to truthfully see and say what has really happened. She doesn’t have to make up hypothetical events because she already has a basis for her arguments. Jean Toomer’s recollections and Phillis Wheatley’s experiences are enough proof of her argument. If some people would disagree with what she’s saying, she can always go back to their experiences, to how Phillis suffered without fully using her gift, or what Toomer saw in the streets in the early Twenties. But because of this, I think Walker is somehow limited to the sad and pitiful stories of the past. Well, in reality, most of the stories of African Americans were really sad and pitiful, but still, Walker failed to mention of any successful artist who rose from the ranks of slaves to write her own story. It is either this kind of story really didn’t exist at that time, or Walker just didn’t mention it, since it wasn’t the focus of her essay. Alice Walker concluded her essay by saying that Phillis Wheatley’s mother was also an artist, and that the achievements of their daughters were in some way brought about by their mothers. Her conclusion states that the mother is somehow responsible in every achievement of their daughter. Any artistic output by a person is also a product of their mother. Indeed, their children are their best creations, their very own wonderful gardens. This conclusion is related to her method because it goes back to how Phillis Wheatley’s mother was somehow responsible for her daughter’s artistic sense, and that beyond the poverty and the hardships that our mothers and grandmothers experienced during their times, they were still able to artistically express themselves through their children, their very own wonderful gardens.

Jane Addams Essay -- Hull House History Biographies Essays

Jane Addams Jane Addams was a Victorian woman born into a male-dominated society on September 6, 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois. Her father was a wealthy landowner and an Illinois senator who did not object to his daughter’s choice to further her education, but who wanted her to have a traditional life. For years after his death, Addams tried to reconcile the family role she was expected to play with her need to achieve personal fulfillment. Jane was born into a rich family and could have very easily become a housewife with few worries. As a little girl, she once tried on a beautiful coat and asked her father, John Addams, if she could wear it to church. Jane’s father advised her to wear an old cloak instead, which would keep here warm without making the other girls at Sunday school feel badly about their own clothes. He added that, "it was very stupid to wear the sort of clothes that made it harder to have equality even (in church.)" John Addams was a rich man who was respected by his neighbors and practically worshipped by Jane. Although he was not a member of any particular religious sect, he helped build the first Methodist Church in Cedarville, Ill., and the area’s first library was housed in the Addams’ home. A miller by trade, he invested in railroads, helped construct a school for area children and was a founder of the Second National Bank of Freeport. When he sought a Senate seat as a Whig in 1854, he easily won and was elected seven more times as a Republican. Sarah Addams died on January 14, 1863, when Jane was only a girl. Her father remarried in 1867 to a widow named Anna Hostetter Haldeman, who had two sons that John Addams raised as if they were his own. The new couple fought a great deal over money and... ...She died as one of the most respected women in American history on May 21, 1935. She never married and apparently never had a romantic relationship with a man. Today, modern scholars debate whether or not Addams ever had an intimate relationship with Mary Rozet Smith or other women at Hull House, but the question has never been definitively resolved. While Addams was a great organizer and reformer, it must be noted that she had the help of several ambitious women at Hull House who were progressive thinkers in their own right. Furthermore, she would have never been able to achieve so much without the many donations that she was able to secure from philanthropists. Today, the 13 buildings that surrounded the Hull House settlement have been destroyed, but the original mansion still stands as a museum. The Jane Addams Hull-House Association still operates in Chicago.

Counter-terrorism

What is counterterrorism? Why is it important to understand the motivations behind terrorism efforts? What kind of general motives might you find among terrorists in this country and abroad? Counter-terrorism is a combination of practices, strategies, techniques and practices that the various governments, police departments and the military service units use to stop terrorism acts with both the response to completed acts and the detection of potential terror acts included in counter-terrorism.The techniques and practices used in counter-terrorism aim at preventing or stopping certain terrorism acts, with the strategies usually offensive in operation. One major reason why the motivations behind terrorism efforts need to be understood is its great role in the development and implementation of effective counter-terrorism strategies. Since counter-terrorism measures depend on the nature of the terrorism act being mitigated, it is vital to identify how and why certain terrorism act is und ertaken in order to also combat it successfully.Understanding the motivation behind terrorism efforts forms the base for the development of an effective countering action where lack of a clear understanding of all the issues surrounding a terror act, makes the possibility of curbing the act properly and effectively almost impossible (Bolz. F et al. 2001). In addition, understanding the motive behind terrorism efforts allows the appropriate government organizations to select amongst the many, an effective action to counter a terrorism act that seems like an isolated event.This kind of understanding promotes good intelligence which forms a very vital component of preparing an effective counter-terrorism strategy. Another reason why identification of terrorist motives is vital is the huge role it plays in hunting down hard-core terrorist. It is through proper knowledge of a terrorist’s motives, that a government can isolate the hard-core terrorists and cut them off from external supplies. This makes it possible for the terrorists to be referred to as criminals, making it easy to hunt terrorists according to the law and with popular support.When a government or an organization plans and implements a counter-terrorism strategy, there is need to understand how terrorism efforts violate the human rights. This in turn enables the governments to develop effective measures that ensure that severe and appropriate actions are taken against the terrorists who are viewed as human rights violators, a situation that may repel others from participating in terrorists’ activities.Counter-terrorism experts are able to eradicate any terrorist organization if they correctly and accurately understand the terrorists’ motives, where one is able to understand the terrorists’ thoughts so that one can anticipate their next move correctly to stop it on time. In the USA and other countries, terrorist’s motives are many and they vary (Crank, J. et al.. 200 5). In the USA, Some of the general motives that might be found in terrorists include, political motives, fighting for the injustice of a given group of people, economic superiority as well as the creation of fear and a sense of insecurity in the American citizens.When they view themselves as the underserved underdogs on a mission, the terrorists use the strategy of using the weak to weaken the strong and to strengthen the weak. Question 2 Is counterterrorism a tactic of warfare or crime-fighting? What role does due process play in either context? What are the implications when terrorists can be characterized as the â€Å"enemy† rather than mere criminals? Counterterrorism can be used as both a warfare tactic or as a crime fighting tactic. However, in the United States counterterrorism is usually used as a crime- fighting tactic.For instance, the computer and the Internet are used to undertake warfare actions through the cyber space. Counter terrorism as a warfare tactic is t hen used and can be used to stop people from using terrorism tactics against a given nation or organization. In such a case, comprehensive tools can be used to deal with possible terrorist incidents and can further be used to repulse attacks that have been directed against a nation. As a crime fighting tactic, counter terrorism is used by the law enforcement authorities to hunt down terrorists who have been labeled as criminals.The authorities normally cut off hard-core terrorists from external sources of supply so as to label terrorists as criminals, and then use the law to easily hunt the terrorists down (Combs. 2005). When terrorists are referred to as â€Å"enemy† instead of â€Å"criminal,† it encourages more terrorist’s attacks or strengthening of terrorist organizations. For example, it leads to the recruitment of more followers in the terrorist organizations because those who are recruited have developed great desire to become fighters against their enem y.The labeling of terrorists as an enemy serves as a motivation for every group to strengthen itself to attack another group they view as â€Å"enemy†. It further encourages terrorism behavior of solidarity, loyalty and self protection even when the group faces difficult times. The members get convinced that they need to protect themselves from a group that views them as an â€Å"enemy’. Finally, referring to terrorists as ‘enemy’ instead of criminals makes it very hard for the concerned organization or government to hunt down the terrorist according to the law.In addition, the organization lacks the popular support to hunt down the terrorists (Crank. J et al.. 2005) because they are seen as just revenging against other people with an unjustified reason. The terrorists cannot be tracked down in pursuit of justice which makes it difficult to use force against hard-core terrorists with the use of brutal force generating more terrorism and terrorists. Questi on 3 How has surveillance changed from the â€Å"traditional† to â€Å"new surveillance†? Are these changes potentially problematic for civil liberties in any way in the United States?Should law enforcement be permitted to use all technological resources available to accomplish its mission including in the fight against terror? Are there limits? Traditionally, counterterrorism strategies and techniques against terror acts were hugely the responsibility of the military force, and the level of surveillance not as intensive as it is in the new strategies of surveillance. The major reason for this is that in the past, terrorism acts were not as many as they are in the modern world.Traditional institutions approved surveillance only when it was seriously necessary to do so, as compared to new surveillance which has been blamed for overstepping the bounders. The ever increasing terrorist attacks against certain states in the world have demanded the development of many and ef fect counter terrorism measures through surveillance, in comparison to the traditional surveillance. In new surveillance, building of the counterterrorism plans has integrated all the segments of the society or government agencies (Mahan, S and Griset, P. 2007).New surveillance has seen the development of counterterrorism strategies that have increased both the standard of the police as well as domestic intelligence. While traditional surveillance involved the interception of communication and tracing of the suspected terrorists, new surveillance has expanded its ways of operation due to the advancement in technology. For instance, new surveillance has managed to expand the range of both the law and the military enforcement operations. The direction of domestic intelligence at specific groups that is based on origin and religion is a feature of the new surveillance.Mass surveillance is also done in new surveillance where an entire population is investigated. In the United States, ch anges in the surveillance have raised concerns based on the civil liberties. One good example is the mass surveillance which involves the surveillance of an entire population, an issue that has been objected since it is considered to defy civil liberty of the citizens (http://www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa-x. htm). The surveillance defies the citizen’s liberty in that mass surveillance is done whether or not there is the consent of those being surveyed.Furthermore, surveillance is done whether it serves or it does not serve the citizen’s interest. For instance, use of a network of secret police informers is considered a new surveillance abuse. In the United States, the government has been accused of illegally cooperating with the National Security Agency to monitor the US citizens’ phone records. Further allegations that the government has conducted electronic surveillances of domestic phone calls without warrants are an issue that has been sa id to go against the civil liberty.However, the law enforcement organizations should not be fully allowed to use technological resources to fight terror. This is because uncontrolled use consequently may result to severe negative effects. For instance, there have been some instances where technological measures against terror have resulted to the abuse and violation of the human rights. The return and extradition of people within countries and restriction of freedom of citizens are some of the examples that violate human rights during the process of counterterrorism.Invasion of people’s private lives through technology-advanced tools need to be stopped by limiting how far the law enforcement bodies should go to fight terror. Lack of a boundary within which technology can be used poses a great risk, where the authorities may undertake counterterrorism practices while they violate the human rights at the same time. Question 4 What is the FISA court? Explain how it works. What a uthorities can it grant law enforcement? How is it different from traditional courts? What concerns exist about expanding the use of FISA?A FISA court refers to a secret court in the USA that has the responsibility of approving the wiretaps that target the terrorists. It was established and has been working since 1979 to ensure that terrorists and foreign agents are monitored. The FISA court was established under the 1978 US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The court has approved domestic wiretaps and has continued to handle very sensitive domestic wiretaps in the US national security investigations| (media filter. org/CAQ/cqq53. court. html). The FISA court operates through a process that is based on probable cause.An application to a FISA court judge is normally made by the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) if it believes that it can show probable cause that the target of the surveillance is either a suspected terrorist or a foreign agent. The application should contain 4 documents; a request for a wiretap, FBI directors’ or executive branch official’s certification that information cannot be acquired through the normal investigative tactics, and an FBI supervisory affidavit with a statement of fact about the target of surveillance.This is then followed by the submission of the documents to the Justice Department for the Justice Department attorneys’ review. The application is then forwarded to the FISA court and presented to a federal judge. There are 10 federal judges in the FISA court who sit on the court on a rotating basis. The FISA court grants authority to the law enforcement authorities based on the probable cause presented to them. It gives warrant to the authorities to conduct surveillance on a suspected target, if enough evidence is provided in the court to justify why a suspect should be surveyed.It receives an application if the FBI director certifies that there is need to obtain information above the normal invest igative tactics. Clear indication of facts about the target of surveillance is also demanded by the FISA court before they give the authority and the judges often demand for more details about the targeted communication to authorize or approve a wiretap. It maintains a high rate of secrecy where a judge can make an ultimate decision to approve a wiretap (FISA orders 1979-2004)The FISA court is different from the traditional court in its secret nature of operation where the court makes approval of the applications in secret. Furthermore, the FISA court is considered to have acquired expanded authority than a traditional court to approve surveillance applications made, after President’s Clinton signing of the Executive Order 12949. Unlike in the traditional courts, the FISA court evidence can be used in criminal trials after the 1995 expansion as compared to the traditional courts where the evidence could only be collected and stockpiled only for intelligence purposes.The FISA court has expanded powers and it has the authority to allow both the electronic and physical searches due to its expanded powers. The expansion of using the FISA court in the USA has raised great concern. One concern of the FISA court expansion is the possibility of government’s extreme intrusion into people’s private lives. Because the court operates secretly, government measures that may intrude into people’ lives unnecessarily may result. Another great concern is the fact that, it promotes surveillance that defies people of their liberty.For instance, the expansion of the FISA court has made it able to give legal authority to approve black-bag operations, that authorize the Department of Justice to conduct both electronic and physical searches without an open court warrant. Furthermore, the subjects are not notified and an inventory of seized items not provided. Sometimes the surveillance allowed by the FISA court is considered to be unconstitutional. The Civ il liberty lawyers in the United States have stated that some searches that have been conducted are unconstitutional.It is a great worry that under the FISA court cover of secrecy, the court is likely to exceed its own broad legal mandate. The expansion of the court has been argued to have been motivated by the governments need to conduct searches they would not have been allowed to undertake under the nation’s national provisions. For instance, the US government may attempt and fail under the traditional constitutional argument to secure a search warrant, but it would go to FISA court and secure approval for a search by converting the case into a national security investigation. Question 5 How has aviation security changed since 9111?What were the provision of the Aviation and Transportation Act? Did this Act change Aviation security in a dramatic way? What role does racial and religious profiling play in securing the aviation industry and its consumers? What role should it play? Before the 9/11 terrorist attack, the aviation security in the USA was the responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration within the Department of transportation. However after the 9/11 attack there was great urgency in securing the US nation’s entire transportation systems. The federal agencies concerned with transport security were transferred to the Department of Homeland security (www.encyclopedia. com/doc/iG2-34033000149. html). The need to increase aviation security after the 9/11 led to the enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Act on Nov 19, 2001. This saw the creation of the TSA (Transportation Security Administration) within the DOT (Department of Transportation). The Act permits the existing authorities to permit the TSA to flexibly manage and deploy the workforce to carry out important security work where the national security is concerned. The act mandates the increase in the number of federal air marshals and has placed the US airport securit y screeners under federal control.All the screeners were required to be US citizens, though the provision was later changed by American Civil Liberties Union. It was the Act’s provision that all the bags in the airports to be first screened and then matched to the passengers. Another provision of the Act was the $1. 5 billion award to the airports and private contractors so that the direct costs of meeting new security requirements were met. Checks for baggage in the airports was made necessary with screening recommended by use of explosive detection machinery or manual methods.The Act allowed the Transportation Secretary to authorize airports to use all the necessary equipment for the chemical and biological weapons detection. The Act did change the aviation security dramatically. For instance, before the 9/11 attack, the civil aviation security was handled by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). After the creation of the Act, the civil aviation security was put under the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). There were also changes in the federal statutes that covered aviation security (contained in title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations Chapter XII).The provisions that were made by the Act changed security practices in the airports with the airports implementing changes in the checking and screening procedures, where tight security procedures were and are still being developed. The placement of the airport security screeners under federal control made changes when all screeners were required to be US citizens and the matching of bags to passengers was made necessary with new security requirements adopted in airports. Racial and religious profiling in the US Aviation Security practices has been seen by some as illegal and inconsistent with American values (travelsecurity.blogspot. com/2007/09lantos-warns-tsa-against-religious. html). Furthermore, this profiling is detrimental to the national security. Civil liberties of some religio us groups have claimed that TSA employees conduct secondary screening for passengers wearing ‘religious’ clothing. For instance, TSA employees have discriminated the Sikh by ordering Sikh Americans to remove their turbans, which defies their faith. There have been an estimated 50 incidents of religious discrimination since the institution of the new policy. Racial and religious profiling has led to discrimination and humiliation of people including the ordinary Americans.The practice leads to stereotyping of some citizens as terrorists and provokes a sense of fear against innocent citizens. The racial and religious profiling should instead promote changes that will prevent discrimination and humiliation of travelers. The profiling should not be used as a means of abuse but instead should be used with respect for the civilians. Exposing people to extra screening procedures simply because they belong to a certain race or religion should be done away with, but instead ever yone subjected to the procedures to promote equality. References Bolz, F. , Dudonis, K. and Schulz, D.(2001). The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures and Techniques. Second Edition. CRC Publishers Crank, J. P. , & Gregor, P. E. 2005. Counter-Terrorism After 9/11: Justice, Security and Ethics Reconsidered. Cincinatti: Anderson Publishing Colangelo, P. The secret FISA court: Rubber Stamping on Rights. Covert Action Quarterly. Online at: media filter. org/CAQ/cqq53. court. html. Retrieved on June 26, 2008 Combs, (2005). Terrorism in the 21st Century, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall. FISA orders 1979-2004 Judson, K. Civil Aviation Security United States. Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence andSecurity. 2004. Available at: www. encyclopedia. com/doc/iG2-34033000149. html. Retrieved on June 26, 2008 Lantos, T. US representative from California. Lantons Warns TSA Against Religious Profiling Insensitivity Sept 7, 2007. Online at: travelsecurity. blogspot. com/2007/09lantos-warns-t sa-against-religious. html. Retrieved on June 26, 2008 Mahan, S and Griset, P. 2007. Terrorism in Perspective. Sage Publications, Inc USA TODAY Com – NSA has Massive database of American’s phone calls http://www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa-x. htm. Retrieved on June 26, 2008

Juan Peron

Peron in the Advancement and History of Argentina During the 19th century in Argentina, the country advanced through many different historical changes. These changes included changes within their political system, government, and changes that would affect both the laws and the Argentine people all together. During the earlier 19th century, Argentina went through a stage of depression. It wasn’t until the 1930’s that military officials took control of Argentina’s government and things began to change. From this point on, the country of Argentina began to go through major changes and would soon receive the knowledge and leadership style of a man by the name of Juan Peron. Not only would he become the President of Argentina, he would transform Argentina and introduce new documents for the Argentine people; that outlined how to regulate the country and its citizens as well. These documents such as the â€Å"Declaration of Worker’s Rights† would alter the Argentine lifestyle and ultimately change it for the better. When looking back at the beginning, at the time when the economy of Argentina was being transformed; the factor of industrialization had a major impact. Once this took place, there was almost a massive promotion of industries, and within these years the industrial class actually tripled. This was due to the vast majority of European immigrants that Argentina received during this time, a time in which Argentina became known as â€Å"then nation of immigrants†. These immigrants and a couple of Argentine rural families began to relocate themselves within Argentina’s capital city of Buenos Aires. After Argentina began to slowly get back on its feet, the power of Juan Peron was discovered. Peron had probably one of the biggest impacts in Argentina when reviewing documents and history he put into order. Peron was a military colonial in Argentina, until he was named the Minister of Labor within the new government. While he carried this title, Peron did what he could to help improve the labor relations as much as possible. He started off doing this by, elaborating a vision of industrializing through social justice. Once throwing this idea out there, he began to create a close relationship between himself and the workers. Peron put it in his best interest to create laws that would help support these workers. By 1943-1944, Peron was officially passing laws in order to protect workers and also in an effort to create a multi-class alliance. These laws included paying workers more in order to live a standard lifestyle. All-in-all a change like this would allow workers to have enough funds in order to consume more. Therefore, putting money back into Argentina; would overall raise the economy to a higher level. These minor changes were just a start to what Peron would do for Argentina. Since Juan Peron was becoming more and more popular with the Argentine people, the military in control of Argentina began to feel threatened due to his success. In October of 1945, the Argentine military put Peron in jail. Although this did happen, it would not be the end of Juan Peron. A mass amount of workers protested the release of Peron and made his unjust confinement a huge issue. The military then released Peron, and in 1946 he then became the President of Argentina. Once elected President, Peron created the â€Å"Partido Unico de la Revolucion, also known as Peronism. He began to pursue policies aimed at empowering the working class, and expanding the amount of unionized workers. Peron also created a nationalistic view that would go against the Oligards (leading families that rules and controlled the economy of Argentina). This was seen as a good thing, since the Oligards were corrupt and responsible for the weakness of the nation in the past. When gathering information it is quite clear that Juan Peron had a major impact on Argentina. He began to nationalize banks and railroads, and continue to improve the rights of the working class. Although he was seen as a positive and influential figure, Peron did in fact lose the interest in some. After 1955, Peron actually insulted the Catholic Church and made divorce legal. He also took the education system out of their hands and put it within government control. This stunt gave the military a reason to push Peron out of power, and exiled him, stripping the president title. A couple of years later Peron returned and got reelected as President. This was seen as a must since the needs of the Argentine people decreased after his banishment, and Argentina was not that well. This was put in place until his death in 1974. As stated before, Juan Peron had a good run as President, and created many influential documents, such as â€Å"The Declaration of Workers Rights†. This document was proclaimed in public on the 24th of February, 1947. It introduced many rights that can be compared to Canada’s Charter Rights we have in place today. Before Peron, Argentina did not have set rules and laws in order to protect and better the life style of the working man. Peron gave the Argentine people the right to work and have such things as social security. This entailed an individual’s rights to be protected in case of disability. He gave them the ability to work at a rate that would support a lifestyle and the right to be in a better economic situation. This included the right to a fair wage, and the right to well-being. Employers now had the duty to train employees and create working conditions that reciprocated respect in the productive relationship of their workers. The Workers Rights was seen as one of Peron’s strongest platforms, and one that the Argentine people would remember him by in the past and present. When looking at the time period before Juan Peron, there were no such documents to help better the working class of the Argentine people. He created such an improvement within their government and legal system that would be remembered forever. At the turn of the 20th century, Argentina became quite wealthy and well established. The work in the past years in order to get to this rank now, took a lot of change and change in leadership style. Peron is seen as one of the main leader in populism, and his style was a success. All-in-all Juan Peron is seen as an important historical figure within Argentina. There are many factors that have helped Peron achieve his many goals and one important one is his leadership style. When you think of Peron’s style of leadership, you think of â€Å"the people’s party† (populism). Populism is seen as a way in leading with the citizen’s best interests in mind. Populism assumes an emotionally charged relation between the leader and the people who follow him. It can obscure class rule and inequality. When having the best interests of the Argentine people in mind, Juan Peron would automatically win the hearts of these citizens. It is the reason he was seen as such a good leader and a man who changed the ways of Argentina, specifically its working force. He has done a lot such as altering the way in leadership, creating laws and rules that would create an overall happy working class and finally improving Argentina’s economy once and for all. Peron is a legitimate hero for the working class of Argentina and is the man who would create the outline for populist leaders to follow. From all the populist leaders such as Brazil’s Getulio Vargas, and Mexico’s Lazaro Cardenas, I believe Juan Peron had the biggest impact therefore named the official figure or image of populism itself. Through struggles and issues with the military, Juan Peron overcame everything achieved his goals and improved not only the history but the country of Argentina itself.

The Top 10 SAT Reading Tips You Must Use

The Top 10 SAT Reading Tips You Must Use SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips To do well on the SAT Reading section, you'll need to prepare yourself to understand the material and pace yourself according to the structure of the test. In this article, I’ll take you through 10 quick tips for improving your Reading performance! SAT Passage Reading Tips Tip #1: Skim Strategically (Or Start with the Questions!) Many students make the mistake of thinking they need to read passages on the SAT Reading section closely right off the bat.Actually, it’s often beneficial to skim the passage first to get the gist of the author’s argument. The best way to skim is to read the introduction and conclusion paragraphs and the first and last sentences of every body paragraph.That way you can be sure you’re not missing any main ideas.This will save you a lot of time because most passage-based questions on the SAT give you line numbers to reference. You'll know exactly where to look for the answers (or at least where to start). You might even consider skipping the passage altogether at first and just heading straight for the questions.You can answer all the questions about specific details in the passage first (since they give you line numbers).By the time you answer all the detail questions, you'll have a good sense of the main ideas of the passage. If not you can always go back and skim the passage (paying special attention to the introduction and conclusion paragraphs) to find the answers to big picture questions. Tip #2: Read the Passage Intros You know those little preliminary notes in italics before each passage on the SAT? They’re useful if you take the time to read them. Passage intros give you context for what you’re reading so you don’t just plunge into it without understanding anything about who wrote it or when it was written.This can be helpful ingaining a stronger understanding of the basis for the author’s argument and its historical context. Here's an example: The following passage is an excerpt from a 1909 novel. Georgia, the main character, is a reporter in an otherwise all-male newsroom. Reading this introduction gives you a lot of information that you might otherwise have to infer. You now know the setting of the passage as well as the main character's name and her position in society. With this background in hand, you can get your bearings before you start reading and be more confident about your interpretation. Tip #3: Force Yourself to Engage with the Passages If you go into the SAT Reading section assuming that the stuff you have to read is boring, it will be much more difficult to absorb information.As challenging as this may be, try to get yourself genuinely interested in what you’re reading.Think of each passage as a learning experience rather than a slog that you are forced to endure to answer questions. Some of the passages on the SAT are interesting if you allow yourself to see them in that light.Your reading experience will be faster, less painful, and more easily absorbed if you have a positive attitude about it! Here's to a safe passage. ;) (I'm so sorry) Overall SAT Reading Tips Tip #4: Put It in Your Own Words First If you encounter a confusing question, it's often helpful to rephrase it in your own words before attempting to answer it. The SAT sometimes words questions in strange ways that don't make sense at first glance, although this is less common on the new version of the test. Try to restate the question in a way that is easier for you to understand before moving on to the answer choices. The SAT also dabbles in confusing answer choices that might make you second guess yourself.A good way to avoid this is to think of an answer in your own words first.If you already have an answer in mind, it’s a lot easier to keep your focus in the midst of tricky choices. Think about how you would answer the question if it were open response based on what you read in the passage. Tip #5: Use Connotation and Keywords This is very important if you want to be able to answer questions you’re unsure about.Look for indications of positive or negative connotation, words that point to contrast (like "rather than" or "however"), and strong adjectives in the sentence or passage you are referencing. These clues will help you eliminate at least a couple ofincorrect answers even if you’re not sure what the correct answer is yet. Here's an example: The passage indicates that the assumption made by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be A) insincere. B) unreasonable. C) incorrect. D) substantiated. Here are the lines we need to look at for this question: "What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem- i.e., that gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a gift-recipient’s feelings of appreciation)." From reading this paragraph, we know that gift-givers tend to "overspend" on meaningful gifts. That means that their ideas about gift-giving are misguided. The word that describes their assumption will have a negative connotation. That means Choice D can be eliminated - the whole point is that the assumption is NOT substantiated. However, there is also nothing to indicate malicious intent or illogical thinking on the part of gift-givers. Choices A and B, "insincere" and "unreasonable" can be eliminated as well. The passage is talking about presenting research, so A and B are unsuitable because they are too subjective. "Incorrect" is the only choice that gels with the scientific tone of the passage and the conclusion it draws about the assumptions of gift-givers. Tip #6: Eliminate Incorrect Answers Rather than trying to find the correct answer on a difficult question, you should focus on eliminating incorrect answers.Every question is about finding ways to get rid of answers that don’t fit. This the fundamental rule of SAT reading: every question has one unequivocally correct answer, and all three other potential answers can be eliminated based on evidence. If there’s even one word that doesn’t match up with the information provided in the passage, you can cross out that answer.It’s much easier to throw away the duds until you’re left with only the best choice than to pick the best choice out right away. The correct answer might not be exactly what you’re expecting, but you KNOW that each incorrect answer will have something completely wrong with it.See our article on strategies for getting an 800 on SAT Reading for details on the different types of incorrect answers and how to spot them. Tip #7: Skip Difficult Questions It’s easy to get stuck on difficult questions if you aren’t paying attention to time management.The strict time constraints on the SAT meant that it's crucial toskip questions when you've spent more than 30 seconds unsuccessfully searching for the answer. Answer all the easy questions first, then come back to tougher ones at the end. You can circle all the questions you skip as you go along to make them easier to pick out on your second pass through the test.This way you won’t miss any easy points later on in the section. Tip #8: Double Check Your Answers If you have extra time at the end (hopefully if you follow Tip #1 and Tip #6 you will!) you should use it to check over your answers.Nothing is more frustrating than getting a question wrong due to carelessness. Something that you can do to help yourself in this process is to circle questions you're unsure about along the way. This means you'll only check the answers that you need to check instead of going over questions that you were sure about in the first place. Always dubble check your bubbles. Tip #9: Bubble in Your Answers at the End Waiting to bubble in your answers until you finish a section can save you a lot of time on the test. You won’t constantly be looking back and forth between the booklet and the answer sheet.Mark your answers in the test booklet first, and when you’re done you can go through and fill in all the bubbles at once. This tip is conditional - it’s best to do this only if you already know you can finish the section with enough time to spare. If you know you can finish the Reading section with at least five minutes left on the clock, you should be able to benefit from this strategy. Tip #10: Don’t Get Discouraged Psyching yourself out, whether because you ran out of time or because you came across a question that totally stumped you, can only hurt you. Pause to take a deep breath and calm your nerves before moving onto the next question with confidence! Tip, Tip, Hooray! Let’s review: For passages†¦ Skim strategically or read the questions first Read the italicized introductions Get interested in the material For the reading section overall.... Put it in your own words first Use connotation and keywords Eliminate incorrect answers Skip difficult questions Double check your answers Do all your bubbling at the end Don’t get discouraged Now you know some of the best ways to quickly improve your score on the SAT Critical Reading section!Remember, though, tips can only get you so far - try and focus on more in-depth strategies first, then use this advice to take your scores to the next level. What's Next? Check out thesesix strategies to improve low SAT Reading scores. If you think you're ready to take it to the next level, you should also read our article on how to get an 800 on the SAT Reading and Writing section. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management Essay

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management - Essay Example Employee engagement can also be increased through rewarding them accordingly. When they reward their employees, employees feel motivated to work and put in their best efforts. HR is now not only responsible for hiring and firing and compensating the employees, but it also plays an active part in the employee development and trains them after conducting the training need analysis. HR also now conducts training evaluation so as to ensure that the training has proved to be effective or not. A: Resourcing an Organisation â€Å"Does knowledge of HRM help small and medium sized enterprises (SME) ensure they recruit and select employees who can contribute to maximizing the competitive performance of a business?† Today, the technological edge that the companies earlier used to have over each other in terms of the technology employed is now a thing of past. It is next to impossible now for the companies to try to gain advantage over their competitors by simply innovating. Yes, we canno t deny the fact that innovation is the key to better profits but hiring the right kind of employee is very important. Today firms are looking to create better profits by hiring an efficient and effective workforce. An efficient and effective workforce helps the firms realize better profits and better position in the markets if they have the right kind of employees. Earlier there was a trend in which the organizations hired employees that they felt fit the organization, but now the current trend in hiring, is to hire the person who is fit for the job, and possesses the core competencies that are required for the job. If the company has a proper knowledge about the hiring strategies and methods that the company can save a lot of costs by hiring the right people the first time the hiring starts. If a company fails to realize their real requirements and simply by gaining the bird’s eye view of the job they hire someone, the person will not necessarily be able to perform tasks acc ording the job description and will surely fail to produce the desired results. When this happens, then the company will go on look for another employee that can fit the organization. Hiring is the process that costs companies a lot, and a small business is already running on small profit margins, but if they have to spend on hiring again and again then they will end up having a negative cash flow. Having the right kind of people who fit the ideology of the company and have the right skills and competencies are really important as they will help the company gain profits. Another problem that is faced by organizations generally is that they hire on the basis of skills alone. A candidate must possess the soft skills as well as the technical skills to survive in the organization and work the right way. Companies’ whether the small businesses or the large ones are looking to hire people who are have the social fit for their organizations as firms are looking to create edge over e ach other through the human workforce that they have. If the firm possesses the knowledge about HR, then they can motivate their workforce in the right way. A motivated workforce helps to create results. The small business already possesses a very small workforce, and if that workforce is a de- motivated one then there are chances that the organization will not be able to achieve their targets. It is a general consideration that if a

Language Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Language Portfolio - Essay Example It is always within my reach. My native country in Russia is where it all started. I became conscious of my existence in a place where the struggle for social steadiness is of great importance. It is the place where I became oriented with a cynical outlook in life while at the same time it enabled me to anticipate and understand any difficulties I encounter in life. Because of such view point, moving to Istanbul a few years ago became a welcoming experience for me. The shift in adjusting from Russian to Turkish culture became a needed challenge for me. Living in Turkey opened my doors to the convergence of cultures between the East and West. It allowed me to reflect on the hybrid between Western and Eastern influences. It opened my eyes to the cultural differences I have witnessed around me. Eventually, I decided to move into the United States only to immerse myself in a multi-cultural surrounding. While I experienced various intercultural encounters from my global travels, I sought to find a place where my love for culture and the arts will be satisfied. Because of this intense interest to retrace my European heritage and culture, I have looked up to the French language to equip me with better understanding of human creativity that I see in French cinema, literature, and arts. My various trips to France were always field with memorable moments that fueled my interest and love for humanities. As such, my motivation to learn French is deeply rooted from my appreciation of the country and its culture. As my future journey to live in France awaits me, I never cease to continuously the language. A Question of Identity: What it would mean for me to be a fluent speaker of French Learning French has always entailed a more personal than practical reasons to master the language. It cannot be denied that my motivation to learn French mainly comes from my appreciation of the culture in general. I learn French not only because it entails various opportunities in working fo r international organizations abroad, but also because it means that I am able to associate myself with French culture. Many might wonder why I exhibit such love for the language, but I can only tell them that I have been to many places around the world and while each country showcases a unique cultural heritage, I would say that in terms of music, architecture, movies, and literature, the French culture exhibits a more lively appreciation for the arts. Perhaps the word I should use in describing the French is sophistication. My various travels to France have always been memorable as I was able to appreciate the heritage and the undying affinity of the French people towards arts and literature. Personally, I want to live in this kind of setting where I could revel on the French countryside and associate with the like-mindedness I shared with French people. For these reasons, becoming a fluent speaker of French allows me to understand and penetrate in French society. A lot of friends whom I treasure deeply are French and to be able to gain more meaningful experiences with them, I am determined to hone