McDonalds Change Management Analysis

McDonalds Change Management Analysis INTRODUCTION McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain serving more than eight million customers daily. It starts its operation by giving franchise right, affiliated company and starting its own unit. Source of revenue generations are rent, royalties received from franchise or sales units operated by McDonalds. Main products of McDonalds are hamburger, chicken, cheese burger, break fast item, soft drinks and deserts. It is rapidly growing organization; it generated 9% more net income in 2007 than the year 2006. In order to sustain its sell in the market and make company more profitable McDonalds is focusing to bring some changes. It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. In order to remain in the market with full potential management of the organization and lower staff must be ready to bring the change because environment is dynamic and it is rapidly changing and businesses are going to be complex. It is necessary for the organizations to bring changes to operate and keep itself competitive in this dynamic environment. Business world is continuously changing and new technologies and innovative products have been introduced on daily basis and most of the organizations are accepting theses change even they are not willing to accept. It is because of change benefits, changes bring improvement. When a person accept change and cope up with changes and equipped himself/herself then he/ she becomes d ifferent from other. His worth exceeds than that of the person who does not keep himself/herself up to date. If any employee enhances his/her skill with new technology, his/ her efficiency increase, can perform better than previous, increase the productivity of the organization. Thats why it has been observed in the most of the organizations that they adopt changes quickly because they understand the worth of change. They try to equip their employees with modern technology as their performance gets improved. Change is very important for every organization. Companies and business adopt change and incorporate it in their organization for fulfilling the needs of suppliers and customers and to remain competitive in market. We can define change as implementation of new activity; the main purpose of that activity is to enhance the productivity by applying new policies and procedures. Change management process and change implementation has different strategies to change, so the change process is very complex and comprehensive. The most important approach in change implementation process is one which brings accomplishment. Changes in organization are essential at different activates such as modification in management system, change in operations, change in organization structure and change in other activities which management may consider important. Change in necessary when management is facing problem in current system or for getting better the performance of the organization the management may modify the current system or implement change in any activity. The factors that may bring change may be internal and external. Different activities and different new strategies can be introduced tat different level, and these changes and modifications may be restricted or unrestricted, common or general in nature. Internal factors for change may include the following: Change in structure of organization Increase in business needs Alteration in business plan Modification in goals of business External factors for change may include: Technology growth Changes in economic conditions that affect the profitability or value of money Requirement of electronic and technological services It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation. For the effective implementations of the change and successful results of the change organization must focus on Individuals and their relationships and continuous improvement system is introduced in which change is carried on properly. In order to improve the organization and bring change successfully, McDonald should consider the issues wisely and come up with positive solution that may break hinders. At each stage organization should take action to overcome the resistance and implement change properly. NEED FOR CHANGE The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Different kinds and different types of communication media are used for marketing and advertising the products. The concentration shall be given on marketing, advertising and promotion in integrated marketing operation.   The part of new marketing plans of the McDonald, integrated marketing operation shall be highlighted by this change and new modification. The basic idea of the integrated market operations is to implement change related to health, which spread the information about current development in health and the increasing ration of fatness among children and adults for creating target marketing. The objective of integrated market operation is to launch new products for children, and to reduce the effect of growing bad perception about McDonald among the individuals. The marketing approach which focuses on the peoples heath will provide information to parents and children about the new product of McDonald McKids, and about differences between new product and existing products. If the integrated marketing communication system is successfully implemented, then it would provide successful marketing, advertising and public relations operations for efficiently introducing the new products of McDonald to general community. The organization should form a team for bringing new activities that would handle the necessary issues for this change. The new dietary material information of new product has also uploaded on McDonald (Bahrain) website. This change will mainly concentrate on marketing and sale promotion. Nowadays, the men u of McDonald for children has facing the problem of criticism. The integrated marketing communication has been implemented by the McDonald for changing the perception of people about the kid menu of McDonald. Through integrated marketing communication, it will also be ensured that the mission and vision that the McDonald is utilizing has been highlighted in every advertisement or promotion or not. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE It is the well known fact that when any organization brings changes, it faces difficulties while implementing these changes. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and   management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse. It is the priority of the organization that it should manage the change proper way and for this purpose open talks with employees are conducted in order to know the view of the employees because change will directly effect on the employees and if they do not accept it, organization would not achieve desired results. Now it is the responsibility of top authorities to find out ways that can bring org anization up as well as they must terrace out he ways through which that change will be implemented successfully. McDonald is striving to encounter the environmental changes by bringing changes in its promotional activities, by making changes it can respond the external and internal factor that are rapidly changing. Change will be made in promotional activities in which organization will boost its image in the mind of customer. Because of that change McDonald is facing some problems to implement the change that is resistance from employees side. Problems that have been encountered by employees are misperception and negative reaction by the customer and employees, culture is not supporting for these changes. Major problem is reaction by employees and customer regarding the implementation of this change. a few of the employees are in favour of changes, they want that integrated marketing communication should be implemented. Others are resisting implementing that change. They are opposing change because they fear that company is going in wrong direction. They think company what ever is expecting would not attain it but it would encounter more problems due to this change. It is also a problem that those who suggested the change to be implemented are not able to properly convey the outcome the organization would gain from that change. Though technology is rapidly developing in these days, information technology has grown more rapidly than any other technology. specifically in the information technology, if organization purchases computers and uses it for marketing purpose as McDonald is expecting to bring the changes but the issue is that, with the passage of time these computer would be outdated and company will have to replace them. It may cause severe losses for the company. This issue has been raised not only by employees but also by customer thats why they are opposing to bring changes. This has created big issue for the McDonalds because it would not be able to achieve desired results that it is expecting from that change. Company may lose the key employees those who basically operate that change because due to resistance many of the employees may quit the McDonald and McDonald may require a number of other employees who can operate and run this change. It is purely technical task and only IT literate person can handle it. Every organization faces barrier when it comes with innovative idea as McDonald is going to implement new change it also facing barriers and organizations success depends upon the change. Barriers may not be in shape of resistance but they may be resources that required bringing change. Stakeholder may resist because they may not rely the proper usage of that communication media, there may short fall of amount because its implementation requires finance. MANAGING THE RESISTANCE It is the responsibility of McDonalds that how wisely it deals these issues because these issues are not as bigger as they are perceived, for this purpose it must ensure the employees that the change is not going to hurt them rather it would be beneficial for the organization and if organization will move in right direction then ultimate benefit will be given to employees. Major problem that is with this change in technology that McDonald is going to introduce is not long lasting because computer is rapidly changing, the growth ration in this sector is high. So stakeholder fear that if this change is brought then it would not be the permanent solution, organization may have to change in future. Thats why it should be considered wisely that technology should perform long lasting duration. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. Necessary training must be provided to the employees who would directly interact with this change and handle all the activities that would occur after change. McDonalds should provide necessary things to carry on the functions that would be run by the employees. There are differences in cultures among the employees who are working in McDonalds. They would not synchronize the activities with the changes because of their differences in culture thats why it would be more difficult for the management of McDonalds to implement the change properly. Apart from that this is most difficult type of conflict; the reason for this conflict would not be change. While implementing the change McDonalds must ensure that who would be responsible to manage the change if any cultural difference is found it must be observed and they must terrace out subcultures to overcome this problem. They must identify that that would be empowered by this change. For solving these types of problems, the executives of McDonald should form a successful culture of the organization, and tough organization by the use of good control of the stakeholders in organization; they should also provide their needs and wants which they require for the motivation of stakeholders which benefit the stakeholders as well as company. For certifying or confirming the continued success in change implementation, some elements are part of human capital management strategy and plan. These elements include processes and procedures for work, design and structure of organization, management performance and program for providing compensation. Some of the customers of McDonald have also created problems in implementation of change in organization. The McDonald should introduce governance process for ensuring the equality among employees and controlling the people of different cultures. The managing and controlling of people in organization is very difficult and challenging task, if we give careful consideration, attention and focus, on it then it will increase loyalty of employees and hardworking which will benefit the organization and employees. If the management provide reasonable time, advance information, incremental peoples for doing job effectively and provide extra hands and minds then the employees work more than what is expected from them. The not availability of any support in achieving the success from processes is the main clash in execution of change. Change can be implemented in different phases; it can not be implemented just by any decision. The people which are involves in change process must go through their experiences for realizing the objectives of the modification. For success in implementing change and solve these types of clashes the management of McDonald should that the information regarding the change objectives and purposes has been properly distributed to all stakeholders and these all stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, staff should realize that they are m ain source and vital for these changes. The management must be able to identify and predict problems which may be faced by organization and those problems may hamper the employees and other stakeholders from supporting the change. RECOMMENDATIONS To shifting the behaviour and perception of the children about healthy fast food may be very complicated, so success of these changes is very doubtful. There Is also indications to be successful in change implementation because of good features of integrated marketing communication. McDonald should ensure that the new advertisement for the new image has been reached to every child in all countries where the products of the company are available, for this the company may use different types of media that disperse the information. These new advertisements for building image of McDonald should also reach to the parent because these are the parents who purchase the food for their children, and these advertisements should persuade the parents to encourage their children for eating healthy and dietary food. There are many ways for changing and innovation, the more concentration is given to research and development. Novelty can be achieved by less formal changes in the job by exchanging and merging professional experience or other approaches may also be used. Innovation can be defined as new ides, new goods, new activities, new services or practices initiated by organization which are useful in achieving the objective of the business. Innovation is much debated area in modern world, whether the innovation is based on new knowledge or expertise or based on needs of societies or communities and market requirements. The common factor in successful innovation is acknowledgement of demands rather than acknowledgement of technical problems. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem. There are many possibilities for the McDonalds that it would bring revolution in the food industry and will gain competitive advantage. Thought it is food producing company if it crates this promotional activity not only it would attract customer but also affects positively in the minds customers. CONCLUSION It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation. The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and   management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem.  

Differences in Broadcast and Publishing Content Regulation in the US and Japan

Every country has its own set of laws and regulations, depending on how it is applicable to its people. It is usually patterned to suit the needs of the people and the current situations that the country is in. So in comparing two different countries, it is possible to find that one is stricter than the other, or has a broader scope than that of the other country. Comparing the broadcast and publication rules in Japan and the United States of America, it is natural to see significant differences in the implementation and the content of the regulations themselves, since they are being applied to two different countries and different people.Comparatively, the United States of America have stricter rules and regulations when it comes to broadcast and publishing content. Defining these regulations, it pertains to the intervention of the state in issues regarding economic, social or cultural life according to the standards being set in the country. These issues may be induced by political figures, religious intervention, or by the movement of the people regarding a certain concern. This is usually done to regulate the circulation of certain issues which authorities deem to be â€Å"offensive† content or that it is destructive in nature.When it comes to broadcasting, the most basic form of regulation is through acquiring a license to be able to broadcast. This serves as permission, as well as a contract that the broadcaster should abide by the rules and regulations set for the country. With this, they are able to broadcast for a certain period of time they are allowed to do so, and that they are liable to follow the regulations strictly, unless they want to be penalized for not following the guidelines in the country. Japan’s Broadcast Regulations Rules are not that extensive as that of the United States.They have no clear regulation on the contents of the broadcast, rather has concentrated more on the technicalities of broadcasting itself. It doesnâ₠¬â„¢t regulate television shows on its contents as long as it doesn’t violate the rules of broadcast it has laid down. The content of their shows would then depend on the demand of its audiences rather than following a tailored broadcast format. Having the United States in the tighter end, there has been several issue concerning whether them being so strict that it hinders the people’s freedom of the press.Media practitioners said that the basis of these intense broadcast regulations is the assumption that radio and television channels are a scarce resource which needs to be managed and regulated, so that the people will receive the right amount of information that they need (McDowell, 1983). What these media practitioners stress is that we are in a world where there are unlimited sources of information available today. Information is packaged in different forms and can be accessed by anyone.This information are not radio and television-broadcast limited, since they ca n be accessed through the internet, through Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, High Definition Radio models, smart antennas and more. Broadcast is not that scarce, considering that you could access them through a number of choices. In the United States, it is also difficult to acquire a license, which is done in order to censor broadcasting. But because of the abundance of other sources of information, broadcasting through television or radio is gaining lesser and lesser attention from the audience (Bowie, 2007).This is because the broadcast format in the radio and television is so audience-specific and that what they show the people are limited in context. Because of that, people are moving to other means of acquiring information. On the other hand, Japan offers regulations which are less strict, compared to that of the United States. They are more into what the viewers’ want, since they are competing with various information sources which are abundant in Japan. Being a country rich in technolo gy, radio or television is just another option for the people to get information (BookMice.net, 2000). Everyone has a mobile device with them which can access the internet anytime, anywhere in the country. With that, imposing strict rules would mean losing market for both the television and radio broadcast media. Japan has a public broadcasting station, which is the NHK. This public broadcasting station is not influenced by the government or any private organizations that would benefit from it. It is kept alive by the Japanese people themselves, wherein it has sought independence from the government by having a Receiving Fee System.This is where people pay for the station so that it will be kept running without further influences from prominent people and well-known organizations. This is to keep the interests of the people, for the people alone, and not by an individual or group wishing to profit from it. The viewers themselves are required to pay not only to view a specific progra m in the station but for the whole station as well, so that the NHK is assured to continue its existence. Every household in Japan who owns a TV set is required to pay an equal amount in for the NHK to continue its services.But this assures of an unbiased source of information for the people, wherein they wouldn’t worry from censorship imposed by the government or anyone who would want to profit with the information being delivered by the station (Kogawa, 1988). There are also other commercial broadcasters aside from the public broadcasting network, and these commercial networks benefit from advertisements. On the other hand, NHK are not allowed to have any commercials. Publishing content in the United States is also regulated. There are several known fictional children’s stories which have been censored upon entering the shores of the United States.One good example is the Little Red Riding Hood, wherein it has been censored and edited because the original version show s Little Red Riding Hood bringing wine to give to her sick grandmother (CyberCollege. com, 1996). The latest manifestation of censorship in books and publications was in the Harry Potter series. The novel has been the subject of censorship and criticisms since it promotes witchcraft for kids. This, despite the fact that the series has invited a lot of kids to start reading books again, not just relying on television and computers as a source of recreation.On the other hand, Japan is more on the open-minded side, wherein publishers are can put in publications mainly anything they can, unless they violate the laws and regulations that have been set for them. There are several forms of publication in Japan wherein it gives people a lot of choices. They are free to publish and it depends on the people whether they would buy it or not, since it is indicated if the content is not for minor, or that it has graphic situations not for the young audience.When looking up-close at these two cou ntries, we could see that the United States of America have stricter rules and regulations when it comes to publication and broadcasting. This is because of the difference in their audiences and their cultural background. Japan is more open when it comes to informing the people, since it has abundance in technology. But this doesn’t mean that both countries don’t consider their audiences when they put these regulations and restrictions. Because of the difference in their audience, their approaches are also different, thus resulting to various rules and regulations being established.

The Artistic Interventions Of The Freud Home / Museum...

Bethany Knapper Stillness Time CP2 Assessment #2 Analyse the ways in which the artistic interventions made in the Freud home/museum communicate ideas around memory and the Uncanny. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, developed an entirely new way of understanding the human mind; he is regarded as the founder of psychoanalysis. His London home was used by the Freud family from 1938†¦show more content†¦Sophie Calle’s Appointment (1999), was an installation piece in which she placed personal keepsakes in the Freud House, alongside autobiographical text recalling a memory in which the keepsake is somehow associated with. Figure 1 shows a part of the installation where Calle had draped a wedding dress over the famous Freud couch, this is significant as it’s where Freud’s patients would have lay and according to the curator of this project James Putman () ‘say everything that came to mind without consciously sifting or selecting information’ and then going on to say that ‘this became a foundation upon which psychoanalytic therapy was built’. Although I think it’s clear that Calle has spent more time sift ing through which memories to recall for the piece I feel that she is putting herself in the role of the patient wanting to be psychoanalysed, therefore the viewer assumes the role of the therapist. Roland Barthes talks about photography as ‘violent not because it shows violent things but because†¦in it nothing can be refused or transformed’ (), the photograph is the materialised snapshot of memory; but where a memory can easily be falsified a photograph cannot. In terms of this installation Calle avoids the ‘violence’ by not indulging the audience with a document of memory that ‘cannot be refused or transformed’, she does reveal a visual element in the form of an object, shrouding the details of the memory in a vague but romantic retelling. Christian

Case Study Supply Chain Management - 1004 Words

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They are very global in nature involving various complex interactions and flow of goods, data and funds between companies which are situated in different countries and continents. Even though the companies are spread across the world the manufacturing plants generally follow a similar structure which normally comprises of the suppliers, assembly plants, distributors, retailers, inbound and outbound logistics providers. There were a lot of challenges which arose because of the competitionShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. 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Essay on Anne Moodys Involvement in the Civil Rights...

Coming of Age in Mississippi Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi, talked extensively about the civil rights movement that she had participated in. The civil rights movement dealt with numerous issues that many people had not agreed with. Coming of Age in Mississippi gave the reader a first hand look at the efforts many people had done to gain equal rights. Anne Moody, like many other young people, joined the civil rights movement because they wanted to make a difference in their state. They wanted their freedom and the same rights as the white people had. Many other young people joined the civil rights movement because they felt that a change was needed in the way black people were treated. They felt that this change†¦show more content†¦Through these organizations, Anne had become actively involved in the civil rights movement. She soon realized, though, that there were a lot of preconditions that were needed to achieve significant social change in the black co mmunity. Many of the projects Anne worked on, lacked support from the black community. She did not realize how much she would be harassed by the white people because she was fighting the rights of black people. The main preconditions for social change in the 1950s and 1960s, was getting the black community to support the various projects SNCC and the NAACP were working on. The black people they were fighting for did not always like the projects that Anne, and the other young people in SNCC, had been doing. Many black people tended to ignore the efforts of the SNCC because they were afraid of change. It took a lot of work to convince the black community to support the various projects the young people of SNCC were doing. An example of a project that the black community supported extensively, was Freedom Summer. This project would not have been successful if the black community did not support this. The Freedom Summer project proved to be a success because the black community went out and voted. This proved to the federal government, that black people were interested in gaining voting rights. Anne Moody had thought about joining the National Association for theShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody, a black activist in the twentieth century, wrote an autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, which illustrated how life was like growing up poor and black in the rural south. She wrote in details of her life living in the racist society and what it meant to be black in the South twentieth century. Readers were able to understand her personal thoughts as well as her memories of the fight growing up in the south and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Moody grew up with aRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi, By Anne Moody1554 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the Civil War, does not mean that you are born with the knowledge of racism. 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It is the story of a black girl growing up in Mississippi at a time when racial discrimination was taken for granted and the NAACP movement had no formal name. In her autobiography, Anne Moody displays the hardships of living in the rural south while the Negroes were just starting their fight for equality. Her story is amazing. Life was difficult for all poor Southerners. But for a poor black family with little hope and livingRead MoreLife of Anne Moody Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pages Anne Moody has gone through such an exceptionally eventful life that she was able to transform it into a powerful book, A Coming of Age in Mississippi. All of Annes childhood not only prepared her for her involvement in the movement during the 1960s, but also kept her inspired and motivated. Anne Moody sees a lot of ups and downs, which causes her to have depressing set backs from time to time. As told through out the book, descri bing her first twenty-four-years, her uncertainty is justifiedRead MoreSinging The Praises Of The Unsung Hero1309 Words   |  6 PagesCoverage of the civil rights movement follows this same pattern, emphasizing the most commonly known protagonists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and too often fails to highlight the ordinary people who also participated in the movement on local scales. These people regularly do not receive credit for their daily efforts because individually their actions did not ensue large-scale results but as a collective population they served a major role in the civil rights movement. Anne Moody’s narrative, Coming

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Machiavelli and International Relations System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Machiavelli and International Relations System. Answer: Introduction The study of international political science is approached by using three major theories, Marxist, Gramscism and liberal IR theories. The theoretical constructs have different perceptions and the ends differ starkly. The theories provide valid arguments about the cause and effects explained by these theories. In any type of analysis it would be nave to consider that an approach adopted by leader states or institutions is pure, and hence, it is important for the leaders to study and understand the impacts of the theories when constructing important administration policies. The paper provides an overview of the IR theories and explains the importance of the difference between these IR theories. Marxism is described as the social and political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel in the 19th century. Marx attached great importance to the concepts of class, and as per his views, the class system was a dominant actor in the traditional international system (Buecker, 2003). According to Marx, the clashes in the international system were majorly due to the class conflicts. Marxism talked about the transformation of the society into a workforce largely due to the economic conditions (Buecker, 2003). Marx argued that this workforce is classified as a class in relation to the capital, however, it has not yet transformed into a class for itself. Marxism states that eventually this call would struggle, unite and become a class for itself(Buecker, 2003). Marx identified two main classes in the society, the bourgeoisie or the oppressor class and the proletariat or the working class as the oppressive class, and according to Marx eventually, the proletariat will unite strugg le and throw the oppressor and establish a new classless communist society (Burchill et al., 2013). Similarly, the international society is also divided between the capitalists (Bourgeoisie class) states which are the rich and the powerful states who have established political power over their colonies due to economic power of these powerful states. However, Marx did not consider nationalism and its immense consequences. Marx postulated that nationalism had no place in the proletariat organizations, however, his assumptions that the society infrastructure and division of labour are the factors which will influence the behaviour of communist society classes and states was largely disregarded by working class and bourgeois nationalism (Buecker, 2003)(Burchill et al., 2013). Scope of Marxism later expanded to explain the international relations (walt, 1998). Marxism and its conception to international relations, advocates communist society, and explained that the societies must witness not only economic, and political but a social change, and in the communist society, the means of production will be owned by the people equally and will not be concentrated in the hands of few. Marxist theory of international relations argues that the communist societies should witness social and economic equality. Marxist theory gives more importance to economic situation in the formation of international relations, and argues that the people who hold the economic control exploit the workers which relates to the modern day private sector (Schram, 1988). Marx talks about disproportionality and states that capitalist states would overproduce goods for capital gains. Marx suggests that disproportionality largely based on the anarchy of the industry and market would cause eco nomic depressions. In the international relations theory Marx also posited that capital will be accumulated among the wealthy will lead to improverishment of man(Baylis et al., 2017)y. Thus, the recent 2008 crisis, where the organizations accumulated wealth and became efficient in the operations, and later to accumulate profits, the companies laid off millions of employees. Hence, Marxist IR theory can be largely related to the contemporary international politics and relations. Although no single thought can explain the complexities of global international relations, Marxist concept of International relations has significantly contributed in elaborating the insights of international relations. Marxism and the underlying concepts and thoughts have influenced many other modern sociologists (Kegley, 1995). The ideologies of Marxism have explained the present disparities and societal occurrences and economic divisions. Moreover, the Marxist philosophy has been considered as the base for the formation of Soviet Union with a view to achieve economic and social equality and justice. Gramscian IR theory Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci has made significant contributions in the field of International Relations. Gramscis conceptual framework provided the theorists different innovative concepts which illuminated the hegemony mechanisms in international relations. Gramscian ideologies and thoughts have inspired many theorists are hence, are referred as Gramscian school of thought in IR (Germain Kenny, 1998). Gramscian described state as a major actor of the then international system is considered as ruling class of the defined civil society. The state is also described as the system which involves the entire society and unifies all the classes and also the contradictions between the social classes. Gramsci describes Hegemony as the dominance of the social class in rule (Cox, 1981). The dominance is described with respect to the control exercised by the ruling class over the interests, and the ways in which other groups conduct their tasks. Gramscian IR theory suggests that the state wil l gain dominance through consent from the other groups, and the state will get into crisis, if the ruling class will lose its consensus. In realist theories, Hegemony is described as the dominance of a single actor through coercive power, however, in Gramscism hegemony is described as the combination of both coercion and also consent by the specific ruling class (Bieler Morton, 2004). Inspired by the thoughts of Gramscism, Robert Cox developed neo-Gramscism school of thought, and applied the thoughts and ideologies of Gramscism in the global world. Coxs work largely focuses on the effects of global capitalism on global inequalities and explains that hegemony at global level first starts on the national scale and is established nationally by the social class, and later expands to the global scale. Neo-Gramscism then illustrates US supremacy as an example of outward expansion of American social class (Femia, 2005). Hence, from Gramscism it is evident that for an actor to exert force efficiently and effectively, there must be consent and persuasion, and the persuasion will occur only if the actor has sufficient power. Also, persuasion can help the actor to achieve consent, and the actor can therefore use the power of persuasion to gain consent from the other parts of the society who do not give consent. Gramsci gives the example of Russia in explaining the balance be tween force (power) and consent. He explains that in Russia there was presence of government power but they did not have the consent from the civil society, and hence, Bolshevik revolutionaries could succeed and establish a new civil society (Burchill et al., 2013). Similarly, other than power and coercion and consent, Gramscian IR theory also describes the importance of material conditions as an important condition for achieving hegemony. When all the conditions for achieving hegemony like, power, coercion, consensus, and material wealth are achieved, the state would act as the educator, and it would thereby present itself as cultural, moral and intellectual hegemonic (Germain Kenny, 1998). Thus, Neo-Gramscism extends the theory to include that a country that has powerful culture, consensus, and ideology would be capable of becoming a hegemonic power that will enjoy power for a longer time. Hence, Gramscism explains the American supremacy, by stating that universality of a specific nations powerful culture, and ability in establishing set of rules and specific institutions for governing international activity are referred to as important sources of power (Dirzauskaite Ilinca, 2017). Thus, Gramcism explains the American Supremacy established b y the international institutions like UN and WTO. Thus, it can be said that the nations or state experiencing hegemony would therefore create institutions to legitimize their power on the other groups. Gramscian IR theory, therefore explains the functioning of the international institutions like International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations (UN), which establish specific international rules that are largely consistent with the democratic principles and structures of powerful American Capitalist Hegemony. Similarly, these international institutions also establish hegemony over the member states by giving loans to the developing companies who give consent to their policies and accept their set rules (Booth Erskine, 2016). Thus, the Gramscian IR theory largely explains international relations based on the principles of hegemony. Gramscis, Marxism and Global Capitalism Gramscis work relates to the concepts of Marxism, which forms the basis for developing and analyzing the concept of hegemony. Marxism conception on IR had predicted about communist and socialist revolution that would first occur in the advanced capitalist societies. Marx already focused on the concepts of power which lies within the proletariat class and its connection with the civil societies. Based on Marxism, Gramsci analyzed that the Russian revolution would survive because the then Russian government had no connection with the civil societies, and the revolutions in western societies failed because the powerful state or class in the western societies were well connected with the civil society (Budd, 2007). Thus, Gramsciam expanded Marxism to include the importance of power, coercion and consent, in explaining hegemony. Gramcism ideologies which explain hegemony of nations based on power, coercion, cultural leadership, consent, material capabilities and also by legitimizing their power by establishing international institutions (Cox, 1194). Hence, cooperation among the elites and the international economic and political institutions helps in maintaining hegemony. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider that global governance achieved through political conditionality and pressures from international institutions and international powers explain global capitalism. Liberal IR Theory Liberal International Relations theory is based on certain liberal principals and assumptions. The roots of the liberal IR can be found in the Immanuel Kants ideologies on Perpetual Peace, where Kant describes three important conditions for perpetual peace, and these three conditions have become the basis of liberal IR theory (Doyle Recchia, 2011). The three main conditions explain neoliberal institutionalism expresses the significance of the international institutions in maintaining peace (Cristol, 2017). Commercial liberalism, explains the significance of international trade in maintaining peace, the democratic side of the liberal IR theory that for maintaining peace, all states should fulfill a major condition of being democracies and that democracies would get into war only rarely (Moravcsik, n.d.). Hence, Liberal IR theory, unlike the Marxist IR theory and Gramscism IR theory does not give importance solely to states but to individuals and institutions. Liberals anticipated that the then formed international institutions would play a major role in reducing uncertainty and thereby improve relationship among states by increasing mutual trust. Thus, a security dilemma would be attenuated which would promote international cooperation among states and further strengthen possibilities of world peace (Buchan, 2002). Thus, Liberal IR theory focuses on International regimes, which include mutually agreed rules, and procedures which will help the states to coordinate their policies and together collaborate in the free trade, control of arms and also environmental protection (Moravcsik, 2001). Thus, the international institutes would encourage collaboration and information sharing and reduce competition among states over gains and thereby increase international cooperation. Liberal IR theory places great importance on sovereignty and institutions duty to maintain nonintervention, and thereby supports stable international relations to ensure th at every political state is free to determine its way of life. Hence, it can be said that liberals agree that states becoming democracies is not the final cure, but there must be consolidation of the liberal democracy among states so as to reduce the chances of civil and world war. However, liberal IR theory also suggest that the grounds that establish peace may also establish grounds for conflict, and that the democracies might enter into conflicts, and thereby explains the relationship between America on one side, and resurgent Russia, China and Iran on the other (Moravcsik, 2003). Thus, although Liberal IR theory supports peace, it is just a recipe which provides guidelines for promoting peace and requires constant vigilance to avoid any crusades. Marxist, Gramscism, Liberal IR Theories: Importance of Differences The differences in the Marxist, Gramcism and Liberal IR Theories are important as they enable the readers to understand the modern day International Relations in the light of the traditional theories. The differences have formed the basis for the evolution of new theories that have largely contributed in the field of International Relations (Baylis et al., 2017). The Gramscism IR theory takes ides from the Marxist IR theory and also the differences among the ideologies and the actual situations in the international relations have led the modern thinkers to critique the traditional and real IR theories and postulate new theoretical concepts. Marxist theory talks about the dismissal of the powerful state and formation of communist societies based on the revolution by the oppressed class (Burchill et al., 2013). However, Marx did not emphasize the role of nationalism and civil societies in transformation which was captured by Gramscism theory that explains the importance of power and co nsent in the formation of a powerful state, which will exercise power and control over other groups via formation of institutes. The Liberal IR theory critiques the Gramcism IR theory and claims that Modern international institutions should not exercise power of a single state but should work towards promoting peace and institutionalize liberal policies. Hence, it can be said that the differences in the IR theories are important in evolution of new theories and explaining the present day international Relations. Conclusion The roots of the present day international relations can be traced back to the 19th century and where the postulation of the modern day IR was started. The Marxist, Gramscism and Liberal IR theories have played a major role in establishing the IR school of thoughts and have formed the basis for the evolution of new thoughts, ideologies and theories. The Marxist and Gramscim thoughts have explained that global governance achieved through political conditionality and pressures from international institutions and international powers explain global capitalism. The differences between the theories have led to the evolution of new theories which better explain the modern day international Relations. Bibliography Baylis, J., Smith, S. Owens, P., 2017. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. 7th ed. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University Press. Bieler, A. Morton, A., 2004. A critical theory route to hegemony, world order and historical change: neo-Gramscian perspectives in International Relations. Capital Class, 28(1), pp.85-113. Booth, K. Erskine, T., 2016. International Relations Theory Today. Second Edition ed. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Buchan, B., 2002. Explaining War and Peace: Kant and Liberal IR Theory. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 27(4), pp.407-28. Budd, A., 2007. Gramscis Marxism and international relations. International Socialism, 10 April. Buecker, R., 2003. Karl Marx's Conception of International Relations. Glendon Journal of Intrenational Studies, 3, pp.49-59. Burchill, S. et al., 2013. Theories of International Relations. Fifth Edition ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Cox, R., 1194. Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cox, R., 1981. Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 10(2), pp.126-55. Cristol, J., 2017. Liberalism. Oxford Bibliographies. Dirzauskaite, G. Ilinca, N., 2017. Understanding "Hegemony" in International Relation Theories. Aalborg University. Doyle, M. Recchia, S., 2011. Liberalism in International Relations. International Encyclopedia of Political Science, pp.1434-39. Femia, J., 2005. Gramsci, Machiavelli and International Relations. The Political Quaterly, 76(3), pp.341-49. Germain, R. Kenny, M., 1998. Engaging Gramsci: international relations theory and the new Gramscians. Review of International Studies, 24(1), pp.3-21. Kegley, C., 1995. Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and Neoliberal Challenge. New York: St. Martin's Press. Moravcsik, A., 2001. Liberal International Relations Theory: A Social Scientific Assessment. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. , pp.1-53. Moravcsik, A., 2003. Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization, 51(4), pp.513-53. Moravcsik, A., n.d. Liberalism and International Relations Theory. Harvard University, pp.92-96. Schram, S., 1988. Power and Marxist Theory: A Realist View. American Political Science Review, 82(3), pp.975-76. walt, S., 1998. International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, 110, pp.29-32.